非限制性定语从句的先行词是一个词或句子的一部分,甚至整个主句,可去掉;限制性定语从句先行词是某一个词,不可缺少。关系代词在非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略,而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语时可以省略。他们都属于英语的概念,而英语已经发展了1400多年。
一、 句法功能、表现形式不同
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定语从句)English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定语从句)
二、 先行词不尽相同。限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等结构中。如:
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
标签:从句,定语,限制性